Comparative
Business Systems Indonesia and the United States
This task is done Introduction to Business group (I, Deandra, dea
annisa, yoggi, Hira)
A method procedure or process used as a delivery mechanism for
providing certain goods or services to customers. Business system is a series
of rules, procedures, methods, and data flow and existing processes within a
business unit. A good system will allow a business to operate institutionally,
without dependence with certain people in business organizations concerned.
Business objectives:
The prospect of a profit: the difference between revenues and
expenses of the business that encourages people to open up and expand the
business.
Repay for smth. Good profit owners to take risks is included in
investing their money and time.
Businesses produce most of the goods and services consumed by
people and employ more people.
1. Type of Economic System
American
American business forms have evolved several times over the
centuries, namely the Industrial Revolution that arise in the middle of the
18th century, creating the factory system which makes materials and labor
needed to produce goods in bulk and new machines required for production Mass
gathered in one place. 19th century become entrepreneurs increase solutions on
a large scale, and the United States adheres to the business philosophy of
laissez-faire.
Laisses-faire is the principle that government should not
interfere in the economy, but should let businesses apply in the absence of
regulation. Results from the company's development and improvement of the
production system to be paid with the loss of freedom of workers. Results from
the company's development and improvement of the production system to be paid
with the loss of freedom of workers. As the workers' loss of freedom, then
there was a change era called era of production. The era of the rise of the
production to be the solution of trade unions and the commencement of the
regulation by the government. In the 1950s and 1960s, again raised the
so-called new era of marketing era. In this era, the producers of goods and
services began to find out what is needed and desired by the customer and then
provide it.
In the 1980s, emerging phenomenon of global economy. Which led to
an improvement in communication and transportation systems.
The improvement of international spread to more efficient methods
in the financing, production, distribution, and marketing of products and
services together.
With these improvements, it appears the era triggered by the
Internet. The era called the information age.
Developments in this era provided a boost in trade in all sectors
of the economy, particularly in the service sector.
The characteristics of the liberal economic system are as follows.
§ entire economic activity is fully left to the public.
§ free enterprise society, innovation, and creativity in
performing economic activities.
§ individual property rights are recognized.
§ Economic activity is intended to seek maximum profit
(profit-oriented).
§ The participation of the government in economic activity is very
limited.
§ The existence of competition antarpengusaha in pursuit of
profit.
§ The prices that happens is determined by market forces.
With the above characteristics, the liberal economic system has
good and evil. Goodness liberal economic system are as follows.
§ The presence of free enterprise, innovation, and creativity in
performing economic activities.
§ Competition antarpengusaha fostering technological advances.
§ individual property rights are recognized.
The ugliness of liberal economic system are as follows.
§ Can lead to oppression (exploitation) by human to human.
§ The existence of the gap between the rich and the poor because
of the lack of equal distribution of income.
§ Many arise monopoly practices that harm society.
Indonesia
The development of the Indonesian economy system
Since the Republic of Indonesia was established, many state
leaders who have formulated appropriate for the nation's economy Indonesia,
either individually or in groups. For example bung Hatta himself, during his
lifetime he had the idea that the basic economy of Indonesia in accordance with
the ideals - ideals of helping. Likewise, the Indonesian economic figures at
the time, Sumtro Djojohadikusomo, in a speech to American country in 1949
confirms that the aspired - aiming is sort of a mix economy but has agreed a
new economic form as an economic system called Pancasila that it contains an
element called democracy Pancasila.
Although the initial development of the Indonesian economy
embracing economic system Pancasila. Democracy and the economy may be
"mixed" but not necessarily liberal economic system and etatisme
never happened in Indonesia. The early 1950's until the 1957's is a testament
to the history of the liberal hue dala Indonesian economy.
After the new order, the initiation of an economic system that is
in want Indonesian people. The representatives agreed to again put our economic
system on the values listed in the 1945 Constitution further economic
activity is based on the reference system of economic democracy and economic
system of Pancasila.
a. Characteristics Positive Economic System of Democracy
Here are the characteristics of a democratic economic system.
1) The economy is structured as a joint venture based on family
principles.
2) Citizens have freedom in choosing the desired job and have the
right to work and a decent living.
3) individual property rights are recognized and their use must
not conflict with the interests of the community.
4) The potential, initiative, and creativity of every citizen
developed entirely within the limits that do not harm the public interest.
5) The poor and abandoned children maintained by the state.
b. Negative Characteristics of Democracy Economic System
In addition to having positive characteristics, the economic
system of democracy also has negative things.
1) System free fight liberalism, namely free competition system
that can grow exploitation
2) System etatisme, where the state and economic apparatus of the
state is dominant and urgent and deadly potential and creation of economic
units outside the state sector.
3) Unfair competition and the concentration of economic power in
one group in the form of monopoly are detrimental to society.
Thus the Indonesian economy does not allow for:
1. Free fiht liberalism, namely the existence of an uncontrolled
freedom of business so as to allow the economic exploitation of the weak and
colonized by the result of increasing the extent of the gap the rich and the
poor.
2. etatisme, namely keikutsetaan government is too dominant and
lethal motivation and creative people to flourish and compete fairly. So people
just being passive
3. Monopoly, a form of concentration of economic power on a
specific group, so as not to give another option to the consumer to not follow
keingian the monopoly. Here consumers like robot that is set to follow the
course of the game.
2. Income per capita US and Indonesia
Year
Income per capita (US $)
2006
1660.00
2007
1946.00
2008
2271.20
2009
2590.10
2010
3004.9
2011
3550.00
Year
Income per capita Indonesia
2006
46.240
2007
46.840
2008
47.660
2009
46.330
2010
47.140
3. Culture and Business Ethics United States and Indonesia
Americans worked very structural. Leaders like things are well
organized and have a good plan. Leaders always develop guidelines on what
things are done before, during and after a job / project. Leaders also prepared
all the necessary template from the beginning to the end of the process. Each
employee must follow these guidelines so that every employee going through the
same process. It also allows each employee to do his job as well as can be seen
progress in each stage of a project. In addition, it will be easier for others
to continue the project if it is unable to because everything is organized
according to the guidelines that exist and documented.
Leaders in America is also very team-oriented work. If they have a
project, they will gather as much information as possible and teams involved in
the project. They will sit down together to discuss how they will execute the
project and also determine its time frame. By the time the project is running
they will evaluate the progress they have made in every stage.
Can be seen hallmark Americans tend practical personal. They are
not the type of analysis. They do not spend a lot of time to analyze things but
tend to immediately practice and made various plans / actions of anticipation
if that happens not in accordance with the expected / planned. But this does
not mean not doing the analysis and preparation well.
Indonesia would have to learn of this. Learning to do the work in
a structured and well. Learned that the guide and template prepared before the
project starts is critical. All it can help to focus on achieving targets.
Another distinctive feature of the character of Americans is the
leader always trying to make his team could use the time effectively because
for them time is worth something. They are very disciplined and always make a
plan for all of its activities.
American democratic leadership made them accustomed to respect
every opinion subordinates. This makes the employees to be very expressive and
active in presenting ideas and his opinions and vice versa leaders are also
very open to the ideas and opinions of employees and more receptive to
difference. When they have something to say or feel they will state it directly
(straight to the point). For them better come clean at the beginning even for
the worst, so that they can think of anticipated action or seek other
alternative plans.
The Americans have a work ethic that is different from most people
in Indonesia. They work hard really - really and on - and on. American
leadership accustomed to working quickly to resolve everything. For them
laziness is the main enemy.
4. Conclusions
Business system can be defined as a sequence / systematic stages
consisting of components - components that interact in producing goods /
services for mememnuhi needs of people in daily life - today.
Element - element in business systems include: business concept,
factors of production (capital, material, human resources and skills), the type
of economic system, demand and supply, competition and business development
company in the market economy.
Business system run by Indonesia appeared to have differences with
overseas business system, which in this paper for comparison was the United
States.
The difference - the difference can be seen in terms of:
1. Type of economic system
2. Income per capita
3. Culture and Business Ethics